4. ANIMAL KINGDOM
PHYLUM PORIFERA (SPONGES): GENERAL CHARACTERS
- Grades of organization:
- Cellular grade.
- Symmetry:
- Asymmetrical. Some are radial.
- Coelom:
- Acoelomate
- Habit and habitat:
- Aquatic (mostly marine). Sedentary. Solitary/colonial.
- Digestive system:
- Absent. Intracellular digestion.
- Respiratory system:
- Absent
- Circulatory system:
- Absent
- Reproduction:
- Asexual (fragmentation) & Sexual.
- Hermaphrodite (Monoecious): Male and female sex organs are seen in same individual.
- Internal fertilization.
- Development is indirect.
- Unique features:
- Water canal (water transport) system. Millions of ostia (pores).
- Water canal system: Here, water enters through minute pores (ostia) in the body wall into a central cavity (spongocoel), from where it goes out through osculum. Canal system is used for food gathering, gas exchange and removal of wastes.
- Spongocoel & canals are lined with choanocytes (collar cells).
- Body is supported by spicules and spongin fibres.
- Examples:
- Sycon (Scypha), Spongilla (fresh water sponge), Euspongia (Bath sponge)
👇 Select Your Topic Here 👇
- Topic 1: Basis of Classification
- Topic 2: Porifera
- Topic 3: Cnidaria
- Topic 4: Ctenophora
- Topic 5: Platyhelminthes
- Topic 6: Aschelminthes
- Topic 7: Annelida
- Topic 8: Arthropoda
- Topic 9: Mollusca
- Topic 10: Echinodermata
- Topic 11: Hemichordata
- Topic 12: Chordata - up to Sub phylum Vertebrata
- Topic 13: Chordata - Cyclostomata, Pisces
- Topic 14: Chordata - Tetrapoda
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