ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
Previous Year Questions (2015 - 2020)
2020 March
1. Choose the correct answer. Casparian strips are present in: (Score 1)
a. Dicot root
b. Dicot stem
c. Dicot leaf
d. Monocot stem
2. Observe the figure given below:
Write any three features on mesophyll cells from the figure. (Score 2)
a. Dicot root
b. Dicot stem
c. Dicot leaf
d. Monocot stem
2. Observe the figure given below:
Write any three features on mesophyll cells from the figure. (Score 2)
Answers:
1. a) Dicot root
2. Mesophyll Features:
- Differentiated into Palisade parenchyma (elongated cells, adaxially placed) and Spongy parenchyma (oval/round, loosely arranged).
- Cells contain chloroplasts.
- Made up of parenchyma cells.
1. a) Dicot root
2. Mesophyll Features:
- Differentiated into Palisade parenchyma (elongated cells, adaxially placed) and Spongy parenchyma (oval/round, loosely arranged).
- Cells contain chloroplasts.
- Made up of parenchyma cells.
2019 July Improvement
1. The following are the anatomical features of flowering plants. Arrange these features in the table given below: (Score 3)
i. Exarch xylem
ii. Presence of hypodermis
iii. Palisade parenchyma cells
iv. Conjoint and open vascular bundles
v. Endodermis with casparian strips
vi. Large empty bulliform cells
i. Exarch xylem
ii. Presence of hypodermis
iii. Palisade parenchyma cells
iv. Conjoint and open vascular bundles
v. Endodermis with casparian strips
vi. Large empty bulliform cells
| STEM | ROOT | LEAF |
|---|---|---|
Correct Arrangement:
| STEM | ROOT | LEAF |
|---|---|---|
| - Presence of hypodermis - Conjoint and open vascular bundles |
- Exarch xylem - Endodermis with casparian strips |
- Palisade parenchyma cells - Large empty bulliform cells |
2019 March
1. Notice the three simple tissues given below:
a. Sclerenchyma
b. Parenchyma
c. Collenchyma
Identify and write the tissue that consists of cells that are thickened at the corners. Write the function of this tissue. (Score 3)
2. Observe the terms given below:
Xylem, Root hairs, Pith, Stomata, Cambium, Bulliform cells
From this, identify and write the structures seen in epidermal tissue system. Write their functions. (Hint: 3 structures).
a. Sclerenchyma
b. Parenchyma
c. Collenchyma
Identify and write the tissue that consists of cells that are thickened at the corners. Write the function of this tissue. (Score 3)
2. Observe the terms given below:
Xylem, Root hairs, Pith, Stomata, Cambium, Bulliform cells
From this, identify and write the structures seen in epidermal tissue system. Write their functions. (Hint: 3 structures).
Answers:
1. c) Collenchyma
Function: Provides mechanical support to growing parts (young stem, petiole). Cells with chloroplasts assimilate food.
2. Epidermal Structures & Functions:
- Root hairs: Absorption of water and minerals.
- Stomata: Transpiration and gas exchange.
- Bulliform cells: Rolling of leaves to reduce water loss.
1. c) Collenchyma
Function: Provides mechanical support to growing parts (young stem, petiole). Cells with chloroplasts assimilate food.
2. Epidermal Structures & Functions:
- Root hairs: Absorption of water and minerals.
- Stomata: Transpiration and gas exchange.
- Bulliform cells: Rolling of leaves to reduce water loss.
2018 July Improvement
1. Choose the CORRECT answer. (Score 1)
All tissues on the inner side of the endodermis together constitute:
a) Conjunctive tissue, b) Stele, c) Pericycle, d) Vascular bundle
2. Observe the T.S. of a plant part given below.
Identify the plant part and explain any two features of its vascular bundles. (Score 2)
All tissues on the inner side of the endodermis together constitute:
a) Conjunctive tissue, b) Stele, c) Pericycle, d) Vascular bundle
2. Observe the T.S. of a plant part given below.
Identify the plant part and explain any two features of its vascular bundles. (Score 2)
Answers:
1. b) Stele
2. Plant Part: Dicot Stem.
Vascular Bundles: - Conjoint, Open (Cambium present).
- Arranged in a ring.
1. b) Stele
2. Plant Part: Dicot Stem.
Vascular Bundles: - Conjoint, Open (Cambium present).
- Arranged in a ring.
2018 March
1. Complete the flowchart given below. (Score 2)
2. The tissue found between the upper and lower epidermis of a leaf is called mesophyll. (Score 3)
a) Write the type of cells found in this tissue in a dicot leaf.
b) Mention two differences between a dicot leaf and monocot leaf.
2. The tissue found between the upper and lower epidermis of a leaf is called mesophyll. (Score 3)
a) Write the type of cells found in this tissue in a dicot leaf.
b) Mention two differences between a dicot leaf and monocot leaf.
Answers:
1. a) Secondary Xylem, b) Metaxylem, c) Exarch, d) Stem.
2. a) Palisade parenchyma and Spongy parenchyma.
b) Difference:
- Dicot Leaf: Dorsiventral, Stomata more on lower epidermis.
- Monocot Leaf: Isobilateral, Stomata on both surfaces equally.
1. a) Secondary Xylem, b) Metaxylem, c) Exarch, d) Stem.
2. a) Palisade parenchyma and Spongy parenchyma.
b) Difference:
- Dicot Leaf: Dorsiventral, Stomata more on lower epidermis.
- Monocot Leaf: Isobilateral, Stomata on both surfaces equally.
2017 July Improvement
1. Parenchyma is a tissue for storage, sclerenchyma is a tissue for ............ (Score 1)
2. The following are the characters of dicot stem and monocot stem. Identify the characters and write in appropriate column. (Score 2)
a) Sclerenchymatous hypodermis
b) Collenchymatous hypodermis
c) Vascular bundles are conjoint, closed
d) Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.
2. The following are the characters of dicot stem and monocot stem. Identify the characters and write in appropriate column. (Score 2)
a) Sclerenchymatous hypodermis
b) Collenchymatous hypodermis
c) Vascular bundles are conjoint, closed
d) Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.
Answers:
1. Mechanical support / Rigidity.
2.
1. Mechanical support / Rigidity.
2.
| Dicot Stem | Monocot Stem |
|---|---|
| - Collenchymatous hypodermis (b) - VB arranged in a ring (d) |
- Sclerenchymatous hypodermis (a) - VB conjoint, closed (c) |
2017 March
1. a) The tissues involve in secondary growth of dicot plants are vascular cambium and ..................
b) Compare the formation of vascular cambia in dicot stem and dicot root. (Score 3)
b) Compare the formation of vascular cambia in dicot stem and dicot root. (Score 3)
Answers:
a) Cork cambium.
b) Dicot Stem: Formed by intrafascicular cambium (primary) and interfascicular cambium (secondary).
Dicot Root: Completely secondary in origin. Formed from tissue below phloem and pericycle tissue above protoxylem.
a) Cork cambium.
b) Dicot Stem: Formed by intrafascicular cambium (primary) and interfascicular cambium (secondary).
Dicot Root: Completely secondary in origin. Formed from tissue below phloem and pericycle tissue above protoxylem.
2016 March
1. How does periderm develop in dicot stem and replace the outer broken cortical and epidermal layers? (Score 3)
OR
In dicot stem, both intrafascicular and interfascicular cambium form a ring of vascular cambium. Explain the activity of this cambial ring.
Answer 1 (Periderm):
A lateral meristem called Cork Cambium (Phellogen) develops in the cortex. It cuts off cells to both sides: - Outer cells differentiate into Cork (Phellem).
- Inner cells differentiate into Secondary Cortex (Phelloderm).
Together they form the Periderm.
Answer 2 (Cambial Ring):
The ring cuts off new cells towards inside (Secondary Xylem) and outside (Secondary Phloem). It is more active on the inner side, producing more xylem than phloem. This expansion crushes the primary/secondary phloem.
A lateral meristem called Cork Cambium (Phellogen) develops in the cortex. It cuts off cells to both sides: - Outer cells differentiate into Cork (Phellem).
- Inner cells differentiate into Secondary Cortex (Phelloderm).
Together they form the Periderm.
Answer 2 (Cambial Ring):
The ring cuts off new cells towards inside (Secondary Xylem) and outside (Secondary Phloem). It is more active on the inner side, producing more xylem than phloem. This expansion crushes the primary/secondary phloem.
2015 September (Improvement)
1. Identify the types of vascular bundles in figure 1 & 2. Write the features of each vascular bundle. (Score 3)
OR
Distinguish between leaf anatomy of dicot leaf and monocot leaf.
Answer 1:
Fig 1: Conjoint Closed (Cambium absent, e.g., Monocots).
Fig 2: Conjoint Open (Cambium present, e.g., Dicots).
OR (Leaf Anatomy):
See Answer for 2018 March Q2.
Fig 1: Conjoint Closed (Cambium absent, e.g., Monocots).
Fig 2: Conjoint Open (Cambium present, e.g., Dicots).
OR (Leaf Anatomy):
See Answer for 2018 March Q2.
2015 March
1. In a dicotyledonous stem, secondary growth takes place at two regions by the activity of two lateral meristems.
a) Identify the two lateral meristems. (Score 1)
b) List the new tissues formed from each of these meristems. (Score 2)
a) Identify the two lateral meristems. (Score 1)
b) List the new tissues formed from each of these meristems. (Score 2)
Answers:
a) Vascular Cambium and Cork Cambium.
b) - Vascular Cambium forms: Secondary Xylem & Secondary Phloem.
- Cork Cambium forms: Cork (Phellem) & Secondary Cortex (Phelloderm).
a) Vascular Cambium and Cork Cambium.
b) - Vascular Cambium forms: Secondary Xylem & Secondary Phloem.
- Cork Cambium forms: Cork (Phellem) & Secondary Cortex (Phelloderm).