Topic 1: Introduction
Q 1: A state of complete physical, mental & social well-being is called
✅ Health
Q 2: Mind influences …………. through neural and endocrine systems and thereby health.
✅ Immune system
Q 3: When the functioning of organs or systems of the body is adversely affected, it is called a ………….
✅ Disease
Q 4: Diseases that transmit from one person to another is called
✅ Infectious
Q 5: Which of the following is non-infectious disease? Typhoid, Cancer, Malaria, Pneumonia
✅ Cancer
Q 6: Disease causing organisms are called
✅ Pathogens
Q 7: According to Hippocrates & Indian Ayurveda system, health is a state of body & mind where there is a balance of certain humours. This theory is known as
✅ Good humour hypothesis
Q 8: According to Good humour hypothesis, persons with ……….. belong to hot personality and would have fevers.
✅ Black bile
Q 9: Good humour hypothesis was experimentally disproved by
✅ William Harvey
Q 10: …………. discovered blood circulation and demonstrated normal body temperature in black bile persons using thermometer.
✅ William Harvey
Topic 2: COMMON INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN MAN
Q 11: Typhoid is a bacterial caused by the pathogen ……………….
✅ Salmonella typhi
Q 12: Name the disease in which the pathogen enters small intestine through food & water and migrates to other organs via blood.
✅ Typhoid
Q 13: Sustained high fever of 39°-40° C, headache, weakness, Stomach pain, constipation, loss of appetite, intestinal perforation etc. are the symptoms of
✅ Typhoid
Q 14: Which test is used for confirmation of typhoid?
✅ Widal test
Q 15: …………. was a professional cook who was a typhoid carrier and spread typhoid for several years through the food she prepared.
✅ Mary Mallon (Typhoid Mary)
Q 16: Pneumonia is caused by bacterial pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae and …………
✅ Haemophilus influenzae
Q 17: Which disease has the problem of filling lung alveoli with fluid leading to respiratory problems?
✅ Pneumonia
Q 18: Name a bacterial disease which is transmitted by inhaling the droplets/ aerosols released by an infected person.
✅ Pneumonia
Q 19: Symptoms of a disease are respiratory problems, fever, chills, cough, headache and turning lips and finger nails grey to bluish colour in severe cases. Identify the disease.
✅ Pneumonia
Q 20: Viral pathogen of Common cold is
✅ Rhinoviruses
Q 21: ……….. infects nose & respiratory passage but not lungs.
✅ Common cold
Q 22: Name a viral disease which is transmitted by Inhaling droplets resulting from cough or sneezes and through contaminated objects.
✅ Common cold
Q 23: Symptoms of a viral disease include nasal congestion & discharge, fever, headache, sore throat, cough, hoarseness and tiredness. Identify the disease.
✅ Common cold
Q 24: Generally, common cold lasts for ……….
✅ 3-7 days
Q 25: Which disease is caused by various species of protozoal pathogen called Plasmodium?
✅ Malaria
Q 26: Name any one species of Malarial parasites.
✅ Plasmodium vivax / Plasmodium malariae / Plasmodium falciparum
Q 27: Most serious (malignant) malaria is caused by
✅ Plasmodium falciparum
Q 28: Mode of transmission of Malaria is through
✅ Anopheles female mosquito
Q 29: Name the toxin released by Plasmodium during asexual stage in RBC.
✅ Haemozoin
Q 30: Symptoms of a disease are chill and high fever recurring every 3-4 days. Identify the disease.
✅ Malaria
Q 31: Name the infectious form of the Plasmodium that are transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito.
✅ Sporozoite
Q 32: Sexual stage of Plasmodium is called ……….
✅ Gametocyte
Q 33: When mosquito bites a human, sporozoites are injected and reach ………. through blood.
✅ Liver
Q 34: Amoebiasis (Amoebic dysentery) is caused by a protozoan called
✅ Entamoeba histolytica
Q 35: ……… act as mechanical carriers to transmit Entamoeba parasites from faeces to food & water.
✅ Houseflies
Q 36: A child is affected with constipation, abdominal pain and cramps, stools with excess mucus and blood clots. Name the disease he is suffering from.
✅ Amoebiasis
Q 37: Ascariasis is a helminth disease caused by an intestinal parasite called
✅ Ascaris
Q 38: …………. is transmitted through soil, water, vegetables, fruits etc. contaminated with faeces containing eggs of roundworms.
✅ Ascariasis
Q 39: A child is affected with internal bleeding, muscular pain, fever, anaemia and blockage of intestinal passage. The disease he is suffering from may be ……………….
✅ Ascariasis
Q 40: Filariasis (Elephantiasis) is a helminth disease caused by a pathogen called
✅ Wuchereria (Filarial worms)
Q 41: Two species of Wuchereria are W. bancrofti and ………….
✅ W. malayi
Q 42: Filariasis is transmitted by the bite of female ………. mosquito.
✅ Culex
Q 43: Filarial worms live in …………. usually of lower limbs.
✅ Lymphatic vessels
Q 44: Chronic inflammation of the limbs and deformity of the limbs and genital organs are the symptoms of ……….
✅ Filariasis
Q 45: A fungal disease caused by Microsporum, Trichophyton & Epidermophyton is ……………….
✅ Ringworm
Q 46: Symptoms of a disease are dry, scaly lesions on skin, nails, scalp etc. and intense itching. Identify the disease.
✅ Ringworm
Q 47: Introducing larvivorous fishes like ……… in ponds help to control and eliminate mosquitoes.
✅ Gambusia
Q 48: Which of the following is not a vector-borne disease? Malaria, Filariasis, Pneumonia, Dengue & Chikun gunya.
✅ Pneumonia
Topic 3: HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM
Q 49: The organs where origin/maturation & proliferation of lymphocytes occur is called
✅ Lymphoid organs
Q 50: The organs where lymphocytes are matured & differentiated to antigen-sensitive lymphocytes are called
✅ Primary lymphoid organs
Q 51: Primary lymphoid organs are 2 types such as Bone marrow and …………
✅ Thymus
Q 52: …………. is the site of formation of all blood cells including B & T-lymphocytes.
✅ Bone marrow
Q 53: A bilobed organ is seen near the heart and beneath the breastbone and it is large during birth but becomes very small size in puberty. Identify the organ.
✅ Thymus
Q 54: Immature T-lymphocytes from bone marrow is migrated to ………. and matured.
✅ Thymus
Q 55: The organs, to which matured lymphocytes migrate from primary lymphoid organs, interact with antigens and then proliferate to become effector cells are called
✅ Secondary lymphoid organs
Q 56: Which of the following is not a secondary lymphoid organ? Spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, tonsils, Peyer’s patches, appendix.
✅ Thymus
Q 57: A bean-shaped organ that acts as a filter of the blood by trapping blood-borne microorganisms is called
✅ Spleen
Q 58: ……….. is a reservoir of erythrocytes in foetus.
✅ Spleen
Q 59: The secondary lymphoid organs found in lymphatic system is ……….
✅ Lymph nodes
Q 60: ………………. is a secondary lymphoid tissue located within the lining of respiratory, digestive & urinogenital tracts.
✅ Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)
Q 61: MALT constitutes ………………. of lymphoid tissue.
✅ 50%
Q 62: The ability of immune system to fight the pathogens is called
✅ Immunity
Q 63: The non-specific immunity present at the time of birth is called
✅ Innate (inborn) immunity
Q 64: Skin, Mucus coating etc. come under ……… barriers.
✅ Physical barriers
Q 65: Which of the following is not come under physiological barriers? Acid in stomach, saliva, neutrophils, tear
✅ Neutrophils
Q 66: Phagocytes like WBC [Polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes (PMNL) like neutrophils, monocytes and natural killer lymphocytes], macrophages etc. are examples for ……… barriers.
✅ Cellular barriers
Q 67: Virus infected cells secrete interferon which protects non-infected cells from further viral infection. This type of barrier is called
✅ Cytokine barriers
Q 68: The pathogen specific immunity developed during lifetime is called
✅ Acquired (adaptive) immunity
Q 69: In acquired immunity, second encounter of the same pathogen causes a ………………. response in high intensity.
✅ Secondary (anamnestic)
Q 70: Primary and secondary immune responses are carried out with B-lymphocytes (B-cells) and ……………….
✅ T-lymphocytes (T-cells)
Q 71: Antibodies are produced by ……………….
✅ B-lymphocytes
Q 72: ………………. help B-cells to produce antibodies.
✅ T-lymphocytes
Q 73: Each antibody molecule has four peptide chains, two light chains and two heavy chains. Hence, an antibody is represented as
✅ H2L2
Q 74: As the antibodies are found in blood plasma, Antibody mediated immunity (AMI) is also called as
✅ Humoral immune response
Q 75: Cell-mediated response / cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is the immune response mediated by ……………….
✅ T-lymphocytes (T-cells)
Q 76: The type of immunity that causes graft rejection is ……………….
✅ Cell-mediated immunity (CMI)
Q 77: The immunity in which antibodies are produced in a host body when the host is exposed to antigens is called
✅ Active immunity
Q 78: The immunity developed by giving readymade antibodies directly to the body is called ……………….
✅ Passive immunity
Q 79: The transfer of antibodies from a mother to her foetus via the placenta and to infants through colostrum (IgA) are examples of
✅ Passive immunity
Q 80: A preparation of antigenic proteins of pathogen or inactivated/weakened pathogen is called
✅ Vaccine
Q 81: A type of immunization in which a preparation of vaccine is introduced into the body that results in the development of antibodies is called
✅ Active Immunization (Vaccination)
Q 82: Now a days vaccines such as Hepatitis B vaccine is produced from ……… cells.
✅ Yeast
Q 83: The direct injection of pre-formed antibodies or antitoxin is called
✅ Passive Immunization
Q 84: Immunization against Tetanus, snake venom etc. are examples for
✅ Passive Immunization
Q 85: The exaggerated response of the immune system to certain antigens present in the environment is called
✅ Allergy
Q 86: The substances causing allergy are called
✅ Allergens
Q 87: Antibodies produced against the allergens are
✅ IgE type
Q 88: IgE binds on ……… to release chemicals like histamine and serotonin from them that result in allergic reactions.
✅ Mast cells
Q 89: Sneezing, watery eyes, running nose, difficulty in breathing, wheezing, skin rashes etc. are the common symptoms of ………….
✅ Allergy
Q 90: Drugs like anti-histamine, adrenaline and steroids quickly reduce the symptoms of
✅ Allergy
Q 91: ………. is a respiratory disease due to allergy.
✅ Asthma
Q 92: Due to genetic and other unknown reasons, the body may attack self-cells resulting in damage to the body. It is called
✅ Auto-immune disease
Q 93: Name an Auto-immune disease.
✅ Rheumatoid arthritis
Topic 4: AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome)
Q 94: AIDS is caused by …………… a retrovirus having RNA genome.
✅ HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
Q 95: In which year AIDS was first reported?
✅ 1981
Q 96: In human body, RNA genome of HIV replicates in presence of …………. to form viral DNA.
✅ Reverse transcriptase
Q 97: HIV infection leads to deficiency of immunity due to the decrease in number of
✅ Helper T-cells (TH lymphocytes)
Q 98: After getting into the body of the person, the HIV enters into ………………. which acts like HIV factory.
✅ Macrophages
Q 99: Due to deficiency of ………………., the AIDS patient may be infected with Mycobacterium, viruses, fungi & parasites like Toxoplasma.
✅ TH cells (helper T-cells)
Q 100: HIV may be transmitted from infected mother to her child through ……………….
✅ Placenta
Q 101: Name the test used to diagnose presence of HIV.
✅ ELISA test (Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent Assay).
Q 102: For the treatment of HIV infection, …………… are partially effective and they can only prolong the life of the patient.
✅ Anti-retroviral drugs
Q 103: “Don’t die of ignorance” is a motto regarding ……………….
✅ HIV/AIDS
Q 104: Name an organisation in India responsible for awareness of HIV/AIDS.
✅ National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO)
Topic 5: CANCER
Q 105: An abnormal and uncontrolled multiplication of cells resulting in the formation of tumour is known as
✅ Cancer
Q 106: Which of the following is not a property of cancer cells? Contact inhibition, Active cell division, Starve normal cells, Metastasis
✅ Contact inhibition
Q 107: Ability of normal cells by which contact with the other cells inhibits their uncontrolled growth is called
✅ Contact inhibition
Q 108: Name the type of tumour which is confined to the place of its origin and does not spread to other parts.
✅ Benign tumours
Q 109: ………….. tumours are the mass of proliferating cells (neoplastic or tumour cells) that grow rapidly, invade and damage the surrounding normal tissues.
✅ Malignant tumours
Q 110: Cells sloughed from tumours reach other sites via blood where they form a new tumour. It is called
✅ Metastasis
Q 111: Cancer causing agents are called
✅ Carcinogens
Q 112: Give an example for physical carcinogen.
✅ X-rays, gamma rays, UV
Q 113: The chemical carcinogens present in ………………. is a major cause of lung cancer.
✅ Tobacco smoke
Q 114: Name the gene that acts as biological carcinogen.
✅ C-onc (cellular oncogenes or proto-oncogenes)
Q 115: The viruses that can be carcinogenic is called
✅ Oncogenic viruses
Q 116: A technique in which a piece of the suspected tissue is cut into thin sections, stained and examined under microscope for histopathological studies is called
✅ Biopsy
Q 117: Blood & bone marrow tests are used for increased cell counts in case of suspecting ……………….
✅ Leukaemia (Blood cancer)
Q 118: Scanning technique using X-rays is called
✅ Radiography
Q 119: A scanning technique that uses X-rays to generate a 3D image of the internals of an object is called
✅ CT (Computerized tomography) scan
Q 120: A scanning technique that uses magnetic fields and non-ionising radiations to detect pathological and physiological changes in living tissue is
✅ MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Q 121: Techniques of ………………. can be applied to detect genes in individuals with inherited susceptibility to certain cancers.
✅ Molecular biology
Q 122: The treatment of cancer where tumour cells are irradiated lethally, without damaging surrounding normal tissues is called
✅ Radiotherapy
Q 123: The treatment of cancer using chemotherapeutic drugs is called
✅ Chemotherapy
Topic 6: DRUGS, SMOKING AND ALCOHOL ABUSE
Q 124: In ………………., the patients are given biological response modifiers such as α- interferon which activates their immune system and helps in destroying the tumour.
✅ Immunotherapy
Q 125: Opioids bind to specific ………………. in CNS and gastrointestinal tract.
✅ Opioid receptors
Q 126: Which of the following is not an opioid? Morphine, heroin, marijuana, brown sugar
✅ Marijuana
Q 127: Morphine is extracted from latex of ……………….
✅ Papaver somniferum (poppy plant)
Q 128: ………………. is a very effective sedative and painkiller, and is very useful in patients who have undergone surgery.
✅ Morphine
Q 129: ………………., commonly called smack is chemically diacetylmorphine which is a white, odourless, bitter crystalline compound.
✅ Heroin
Q 130: Heroin is obtained by acetylation of ……………….
✅ Morphine
Q 131: Natural cannabinoids are obtained from inflorescences of ……………….
✅ Cannabis sativa (Hemp plant)
Q 132: Which of the following is not a cannabinoid? Hashish, heroin, Charas, ganja
✅ Heroin
Q 133: Coca alkaloid or cocaine (coke or crack) is obtained from ……………….
✅ Erythroxylum coca (Coca plant)
Q 134: Coca alkaloid or cocaine interferes with transport of neurotransmitter called
✅ Dopamine
Q 135: Give an example for hallucinogenic plants.
✅ Erythroxylum coca, Atropa belladona & Datura
Q 136: Name a drug that is used as medicines to treat mental illnesses like depression and insomnia, but are abused.
✅ Barbiturates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines
Q 137: Tobacco contains a large number of chemical substances including an alkaloid called
✅ Nicotine
Q 138: Nicotine stimulates ………………. to release adrenaline and nor-adrenaline, causing high BP and heart rate.
✅ Adrenal gland
Q 139: Smoking increases ………………. content in blood and reduces the concentration of haem-bound oxygen.
✅ Carbon monoxide (CO)
Q 140: ………………. is ‘a period’ and ‘a process’ during which a child becomes mature in terms of his/her attitudes and beliefs for effective participation in society.
✅ Adolescence
Q 141: The period between ………………. of age may be thought of as adolescence period.
✅ 12-18 years
Q 142: A psychological attachment (euphoria and a temporary feeling of wellbeing) with drugs and alcohol is called
✅ Addiction
Q 143: ………………. is the tendency of the body to manifest a characteristic and unpleasant withdrawal syndrome if regular dose of drugs/alcohol is abruptly discontinued.
✅ Dependence
Q 144: Give an example for drugs that are misused by sportspersons to increase muscle strength and bulk and to promote aggressiveness.
✅ Narcotic analgesics, anabolic steroids, diuretics
Q 145: Name any one disease that is caused due to drug and alcohol abuse.
✅ Liver cirrhosis
Q 146: Give an example for infectious disease transmitted by taking drug intravenously.
✅ AIDS and Hepatitis B