Topic 1: MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Q 1: Name the male primary sex organ.
✅ Testes
Q 2: The hormone produced by testis is called ………
✅ Testosterone (androgen)
Q 3: Testes are situated outside the abdominal cavity within a pouch called ……….
✅ Scrotum
Q 4: Each testis has about ……… testicular lobules.
✅ 250
Q 5: The functional unit of testis is called
✅ Seminiferous tubule
Q 6: The cells present inside the seminiferous tubules and give nutrition to the germ cells are called
✅ Sertoli cells
Q 7: The cells present at the interstitial spaces of seminiferous tubules and produce of androgen are called
✅ Leydig cells (Interstitial cells)
Q 8: Male accessory glands include rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis and
✅ Vas deferens
Q 9: The region of accessory glands where sperms are temporarily stored is called
✅ Epididymis
Q 10: The irregular cavities that conduct sperms from seminiferous tubules are called
✅ Rete testis
Q 11: Male Accessory glands include a prostate gland, a pair of seminal vesicles and a pair of ...........
✅ Cowper’s glands (bulbo-urethral glands)
Q 12: Collective secretion of male Accessory glands which is rich in fructose, calcium and enzymes is called
✅ Seminal plasma
Q 13: Seminal plasma and sperms together constitute
✅ Semen
Q 14: Secretions of …………. lubricate the penis.
✅ Cowper’s glands
Q 15: Name the male external genitalia that facilitates insemination.
✅ Penis
Q 16: The enlarged end of the penis is called
✅ Glans penis
Q 17: Glans penis is covered by loose fold of skin called
✅ Foreskin
Topic 2: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Q 18: Female reproductive system is located in
✅ Pelvic region
Q 19: Female primary sex organ which produces ova (female gamete) is called
✅ Ovaries
Q 20: The steroid hormones secreted by ovary are estrogen and
✅ Progesterone
Q 21: Each ovary is covered by a thin epithelium which encloses the …………
✅ Ovarian stroma
Q 22: Ovarian cortex contains groups of cells called
✅ Ovarian follicles
Q 23: Each ovarian follicle carries a centrally placed
✅ Ovum
Q 24: Female accessory ducts include two oviducts, a uterus and
✅ Vagina
Q 25: Infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus are the regions of
✅ Oviducts (Fallopian tubes)
Q 26: In fallopian tube, there is a funnel-shaped opening called Infundibulum with many finger-like …………….
✅ Fimbriae
Q 27: The inverted pear-shaped part of female reproductive system supported by ligaments is called
✅ Uterus (womb)
Q 28: Cervical canal and vagina forms
✅ Birth canal
Q 29: The uterine wall has 3 layers such as outer perimetrium, middle myometrium and inner ………..
✅ Endometrium
Q 30: The layer of uterus made up smooth muscle is called
✅ Myometrium
Q 31: Which layer of uterus is glandular and vascular?
✅ Endometrium
Q 32: ………..... opens to exterior between urethra & anus.
✅ Vagina
Q 33: In female external genitalia (Vulva), there is a cushion of fatty tissue covered by pubic hair. It is called
✅ Mons pubis
Q 34: Large, fleshy, fatty and hairy outer folds that surrounds vaginal opening is called
✅ Labia majora
Q 35: Small, thin and hairless inner folds of vagina is called
✅ Labia minora
Q 36: Name the membrane which partially covers the vaginal opening.
✅ Hymen
Q 37: Which part is often torn during the first coitus, or sudden fall or jolt, insertion of vaginal tampon; active participation in sports etc.?
✅ Hymen
Q 38: A highly sensitive organ in female lying just in front of the urethral opening is ……….
✅ Clitoris
Q 39: Glandular tissue of each mammary glands (breast) has 15-20 …………..
✅ Mammary lobes
Q 40: Name the clusters of cells in mammary glands that secrete milk.
✅ Mammary alveoli
Q 41: The mammary alveoli open into
✅ Mammary tubules.
Q 42: The mammary tubules of each lobe join to form a
✅ Mammary duct.
Q 43: Several mammary ducts join to form a wider ………….
✅ Mammary ampulla.
Q 44: Mammary ampulla is connected to …………… through which milk is sucked out.
✅ Lactiferous duct
Topic 3: GAMETOGENESIS
Q 45: The formation of gametes in the gonads is called
✅ Gametogenesis
Q 46: The formation of sperms (spermatozoa) from Sperm mother cells (Spermatogonia) in the seminiferous tubules of testis is called
✅ Spermatogenesis
Q 47: During spermatogenesis, the spermatogonia multiply by mitotic division to give
✅ Primary spermatocytes
Q 48: A primary spermatocyte divides meiotically into two equal, haploid cells called
✅ Secondary spermatocytes
Q 49: The secondary spermatocytes undergo second meiotic division to produce four equal, haploid ………
✅ Spermatids
Q 50: The spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa (sperms). It is called
✅ Spermiogenesis
Q 51: After spermiogenesis, sperm heads are embedded in Sertoli cells to get nourishment. Then the matured sperms are released from the seminiferous tubules. It is called
✅ Spermiation
Q 52: Number of sperms produced from one primary spermatocyte is
✅ 4
Q 53: GnRH from Hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete 2 gonadotropins called Luteinizing hormone (LH) and
✅ Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Q 54: LH acts on the …………. and stimulates secretion of androgens.
✅ Leydig cells
Q 55: FSH acts on the …………. and stimulates secretion of some factors for spermiogenesis.
✅ Sertoli cells
Q 56: The oval shaped Head of a sperm is formed of nucleus and …………..
✅ Acrosome
Q 57: Acrosome is formed from
✅ Golgi complex
Q 58: In a sperm, ………….. is composed of axial filament surrounded by mitochondria & cytoplasm.
✅ Middle piece
Q 59: ……………. produce energy for the sperm motility.
✅ Mitochondria
Q 60: Man ejaculates ………. sperms during a coitus.
✅ 200-300 million
Q 61: For normal fertility, at least ……… sperms must have normal shape and size.
✅ 60%
Q 62: The process of formation and maturation of ovum is called
✅ Oogenesis
Q 63: Oogenesis takes place in ……………
✅ Ovarian follicles
Q 64: The initial steps of oogenesis start at ………..
✅ Embryonic stage
Q 65: Oogonia multiply to form
✅ Primary oocytes
Q 66: Primary oocytes enter …………….. of the meiosis and get temporarily arrested at that stage.
✅ Prophase-I
Q 67: Each primary oocyte gets surrounded by a layer of granulosa cells to form
✅ Primary follicle
Q 68: At puberty, only ………….. primary follicles are left in each ovary.
✅ 60,000 to 80,000
Q 69: Primary follicles get surrounded by more layers of granulosa cells and a new theca to form
✅ Secondary follicles
Q 70: The secondary follicles transform into a tertiary follicle. It has a fluid filled cavity called
✅ Antrum
Q 71: The theca layer secondary follicle forms an inner theca interna and an outer ………….
✅ Theca externa
Q 72: The primary oocyte in tertiary follicle grows and undergoes first unequal meiotic division to form a large haploid secondary oocyte and a small ………………
✅ Polar body
Q 73: Meiotic division of the primary oocyte occurs prior to
✅ Ovulation
Q 74: The tertiary follicle changes into the mature follicle called
✅ Graafian follicle
Q 75: The final step of oogenesis in which secondary oocyte undergoes meiosis II to form mature ovum (ootid) and second polar body occurs after
✅ Fertilization
Q 76: Graafian follicle ruptures to release the secondary oocyte (ovum) from the ovary. This is called
✅ Ovulation
Q 77: The membrane which is outer to the plasma membrane of ovum is called
✅ Zona pellucida
Q 78: Outer layer of ovum formed of follicle cells is called …………
✅ Corona radiata
Topic 4: MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Q 79: The cyclic events in female reproductive system starting from one menstruation till the next during the reproductive period is called
✅ Menstrual cycle
Q 80: Duration of menstrual cycle is
✅ 28 or 29 days
Q 81: First phase of menstrual cycle occurring from 1-5th day is called
✅ Menstrual phase
Q 82: Menstruation occurs due to the breakdown of
✅ Endometrial lining
Q 83: The first menstruation occurring during puberty is called
✅ Menarche
Q 84: Duration of follicular (proliferative) phase is
✅ 5-13th day
Q 85: Follicular phase is completed within …….. days.
✅ 8-12
Q 86: In which phase, the action of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) from pituitary occurs?
✅ Follicular phase
Q 87: The hormone that stimulates development of primary follicles to Graafian follicles is called
✅ Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Q 88: FSH stimulates secretion of oestrogens by ………….
✅ Graafian follicles
Q 89: Which hormone stimulate proliferation of ruptured uterine endometrium and mucus lining of oviduct & vagina?
✅ Oestrogens
Q 90: In menstrual cycle, ovulatory phase occurs during ...........
✅ 14th day
Q 91: Rapid secretion of LH (LH surge) induces rupture of ………… and thereby ovulation on 14th day.
✅ Graafian follicle
Q 92: The longest phase of menstrual cycle is
✅ Secretory (Luteal) phase
Q 93: After ovulation, Graafian follicle is transformed to a yellow endocrine mass called
✅ Corpus luteum
Q 94: The hormone secreted by corpus luteum is …………..
✅ Progesterone
Q 95: The hormone called …………… makes the endometrium maximum vascular, thick and soft.
✅ Progesterone
Q 96: Progesterone inhibits the ………….. secretion to prevent development of a second ovarian follicle.
✅ FSH
Q 97: If fertilization does not occur, …………… degenerates.
✅ Corpus luteum
Q 98: Menstrual cycle ceases around 50 years of age. It is called
✅ Menopause
Topic 5: FERTILIZATION AND IMPLANTATION
Q 99: During copulation, semen is released by the penis into the vagina. It is called
✅ Insemination
Q 100: Fusion of a sperm with ovum is called
✅ Fertilization
Q 101: Fertilization occurs in …………… of fallopian tube.
✅ Ampullary region
Q 102: When a sperm contacts with …………… layer of ovum, it induces changes in the membrane that block entry of additional sperms.
✅ Zona pellucida
Q 103: The secretions of …….…… help sperm to enter the egg cytoplasm via zona pellucida & plasma membrane.
✅ Acrosome
Q 104: Fertilization causes second meiotic division of secondary oocyte to form an ovum (ootid) and a
✅ Second polar body
Q 105: The haploid nuclei of the sperm and ovum fuse together to form a diploid
✅ Zygote
Q 106: The sex chromosome pattern in female is XX and that in male is
✅ XY
Q 107: Zygote undergoes mitotic division called ………… as it moves through the isthmus towards the uterus and forms 2, 4, 8, 16 blastomeres.
✅ Cleavage
Q 108: The embryo with 8-16 blastomeres is called
✅ Morula
Q 109: Morula continues to divide and transforms into
✅ Blastocyst
Q 110: In a blastocyst, blastomeres are arranged into outer layer of ………….. and an inner cell mass.
✅ Trophoblast
Q 111: Name the structure that gives nourishment to inner cell mass of blastocyst.
✅ Trophoblast
Q 112: After attachment, uterine cells divide rapidly and cover the blastocyst. Thus, the blastocyst becomes embedded in the endometrium. This is called
✅ Implantation
Q 113: The inner cell mass gets differentiated as the
✅ Embryo
Topic 6: PREGNANCY AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
Q 114: 114. Name the finger-like projections that appear on the trophoblast after implantation.
✅ Chorionic villi
Q 115: The chorionic villi & uterine tissue are interdigitated to form …………
✅ Placenta
Q 116: ………….. is a structural and functional unit between embryo (foetus) and maternal body.
✅ Placenta
Q 117: Placenta is connected to the embryo by an …………… for transporting substances to and from the embryo.
✅ Umbilical cord
Q 118: Hormones such as Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human placental lactogen (hPL), relaxin etc. are secreted by
✅ Placenta
Q 119: Human pregnancy (gestation period) lasts for
✅ 9 months
Q 120: During embryonic development, heart is formed after
✅ One month
Q 121: During embryonic development, Limbs and digits are developed at the end of
✅ Second month
Q 122: When will the most of the major organs are well developed in human embryonic development?
✅ End of 12 weeks (first trimester)
Q 123: First movement of foetus and appearance of hair on the head occurs during
✅ 5th month
Q 124: During embryonic development, body is covered with fine hair; eyelids separate and eye lashes form by the end of
✅ 24 weeks (2nd trimester)
Topic 7: PARTURITION AND LACTATION
Q 125: Process of delivery of the foetus (childbirth) is called
✅ Parturition
Q 126: The signals originating from the foetus and placenta induce mild uterine contractions. It is called
✅ Foetal ejection reflex
Q 127: Foetal ejection reflex causes the release of ………. from maternal pituitary.
✅ Oxytocin
Q 128: During parturition, which hormone causes stronger uterine muscle contractions?
✅ Oxytocin
Q 129: The continuous uterine muscle contractions lead to expulsion of the baby out of the uterus through the
✅ Birth canal
Q 130: The mammary glands produce milk towards the end of pregnancy. It is called
✅ Lactation
Q 131: The yellowish milk produced during the initial few days of lactation is called
✅ Colostrum