EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION
1. Fish: ammonotelic:
Cockroach:……….. (Score ½)
Answer:
Uricotelic
2. Classify the following animals on the
basis of the mode of nitrogenous waste excretion in the table given below (Score 2)
Mammals, Birds, Bony fishes, Reptiles, Terrestrial amphibians,
Aquatic amphibians
|
Ammonotelic |
Ureotelic |
Uricotelic |
|
|
|
|
Answer:
|
Ammonotelic |
Ureotelic |
Uricotelic |
|
Bony fishes Aquatic amphibians |
Mammals Terrestrial
amphibians |
Birds Reptiles |
3. Terrestrial
animals are either ureotelic or uricotelic not ammonotelic. Evaluate the
statement. (Score 2)
Answer:
NH3 is highly toxic. So, excretion needs
excess water. So ammonotelism is found in aquatic animals. For the excretion
of urea and uric acid, a very little quantity of water is needed. So terrestrial
animals are either ureotelic or uricotelic.
4. Observe
the figure given below and answer the questions. (Score 2)
a. Write
the name of the figure.
b. Name
the labelled part (A) and (B).
Answer:
(a) Malpighian body (renal corpuscle).
(b) A= Glomerulus, B= Bowman’s capsule
5. Complete the flow chart showing the
regulation of kidney functioning by Juxta Glomerular Apparatus and Adrenal
Cortex. (Score 2)
Answer:
A= Renin
B= Angiotensin I
C= Aldosterone
D= Rise in GFR
6. State
whether the following statements are true/false. If false, correct it.
a.
ADH prevents diuresis.
b.
ANF causes an increase in blood pressure.
c.
Angiotensin-l activate adrenal cortex to
release aldosterone.
d.
Aldosterone causes the reabsorption of Na+
and water from the distal part of the renal tubule.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False. ANF decreases blood pressure.
(c) False. Angiotensin-II activates the adrenal cortex to release
aldosterone.
(d) True.
7. a) Expand GFR.
b) Even
though GFR in a healthy person is 180 liters per day, the amount of urine
released Per day is only about 1.5 litres. Give a reason. (Score 2)
Answer:
(a) Glomerular Filtration Rate.
(b)
About 99% of the filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules (Tubular reabsorption).
8. a) Write the significance of reabsorption
in urine formation. (Score 2)
b) Of the following substances which one is reabsorbed by active transport?
Glucose, Nitrogenous waste, Water
Answer:
(a) Conservation of water and useful substances. The concentration of urine.
(b) Glucose
9. “The
functioning of human kidney is efficiently monitored and regulated by hormonal
actions of hypothalamus, pituitary, JGA and to a certain extent by heart”
b) Justify your answer with suitable reasons. (Score 2)
Answer:
(a) Yes.
(b) When body fluid level decreases, the osmoreceptors
stimulate the hypothalamus to release ADH from the neurohypophysis. It stimulates water
reabsorption.
A fall in GFR activates the JG cells to release renin.
An increase in blood flow to the atria of the heart causes
the release of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF). It causes vasodilation to
decrease blood pressure.
10. Complete the following sentences. (Score 2)
(a) Accumulation of urea in the blood due to malfunction of kidney ……………
(b) ……………… is the inflammation of glomeruli.
(c) Angiotensin II activates the adrenal cortex to release ……………
(d) The epithelial cells called …………. of the Bowman’s capsule are arranged in an intricate manner leaving some minute spaces called filtration slits (slit pores).
Answer:
(a) Uremia
(b) Glomerulonephritis.
(c) Aldosterone
(d) Podocytes