2018 MARCH (+1)

BOTANY: ANSWERS

1) Heterocysts.

2) Aleuroplast (proteinoplast).

3) Epiphyllous.

4) OAA

6) a) Secondary xylem

b) Metaxylem

c) Exarch

d) Stem

7) Centrioles or centrosomes.

Function: Takes part in the formation of spindle apparatus during cell division.

8) Chlorosis

Necrosis

Brown spots surrounded by chlorotic veins etc.

9) FADH2 – Between the conversion of succinic acid to malic acid.

GTP - Between the conversion of a-ketoglutaric acid to succinic acid.

10) Plant: Marchantia.

Asexual bud: Gemma

Features: Gemma are green, multicellular, asexual/ vegetative buds which develop in small receptacles.

11) Requires special membrane proteins.

Highly selective.

Transport saturates.

Not requires ATP energy.

12) Plants follow different pathways in response to environment or phases of life to form different kinds of structures. It is called plasticity.

Eg: Heterophylly in Cotton, Coriander and Larkspur etc.

13) Cytoplasm.

4 ATP.

14) (a) Palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma.

(b)

Dicot leaf	Monocot leaf
Stomata on abaxial(lower) epidermis.	Stomata are present on both surfaces of the epidermis.
Dorsiventral leaf.	Isobilateral leaf.
Bulliform cells are absent.	Bulliform cells are present.

15) Plant factors: Number, size, age, orientation of leaves,

mesophyll cells, chloroplasts etc.

External factors: Availability of sunlight, temperature, water, nutrients, C02 concentration etc.

16) Prophase I

Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis.

17) (a) 2,4-D ( 2,4- Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) /Auxin

(b) Gibberellin/Auxin

(d) Auxin

(e) Abscisic acid (ABA)

(f) Ethylene/ Ethephon

18)

Anaphase / karyokinesis	Centromere splits and chromosomes move to opposite poles.
Telophase / Karyokinesis	Chromosomes cluster at opposite poles and nuclear envelope assembles around.
Prophase / Metaphase / karyokinesis	Chromosomes seems to be with two chromatids attached at centromere.
Metaphase / karyokinesis	Chromosomes arranged at spindle equator.
Anaphase / karyokinesis	Separation of daughter chromosomes
Cytokinesis	Division of cytoplasm