BOTANY (+1, 2016 MARCH)
ANSWERS
1. Pasteur.
2. Chlorophyll a.
3. Rhodophyceae.
Flagella are not present in gamete and spores.
Red pigment r-phycoerythrin is present.
Stored food-floridean starch is present.
OR
Mycorrhiza- symbiotic association of algae and fungi.
Coralloid root-association of fungus with root.
4. In active transport,
transport proteins and energy are used.
In facilitated diffusion- transport protein only is used.
5. Chlorosis, necrosis, delay
flowering and inhibition of cell division.
6. In amphibolic pathway, both
catabolism and anabolism are involved.
In respiratory pathway, fat is breakdown into fatty acid and
glycerol, fatty acid again splits into acetyl coA. If body require the
synthesis of fat, acetyl coA withdraws from pathway and used in the synthesis
of fat.
7. In alcoholic fermentation,
glucose undergoes incomplete oxidation in the presence of yeast and forms ethyl
alcohol and CO2.
In lactic acid fermentation, glucose undergoes incomplete
oxidation in the presence of lactobacillus and forms lactic acid.
8. a) ABA
b) 1) GA3 increases the
length of grapes stalks.
2) Gibberellins elongate and improve the shape
of fruits like apple.
3) They delay senescence.
4) GA3 is used to speed up the malting process
in brewing industry.
9. a) Kranz anatomy.
b) C4 plants are photosynthetically efficient than C3 plants
because energy wasteful process photorespiration occurs in C3.
C4 plants can tolerate high temperature conditions than C3
plants.
10. a) Pachytene
b) 1) Meiosis conserves the specific
chromosome number of each species
across generations in sexually reproducing organisms.
2)
It results in reduction of chromosome number by half.
3)
It increases the genetic variability from one generation to the next.
4)
Variations are very important for the process of evolution.
11. a) Lilliaceae.
b) tepal six (3+3), often united into tube; valvate aestivation,
stamen six, (3+3), tricarpellary, syncarpous, ovary superior, trilocular with
many ovules; axile placentation.
12. It consists of lipid
bilayer. They are arranged within the membrane with the polar head towards the
outer sides and the hydrophobic tails towards the inner part. The peripheral
proteins lie on the surface of membrane while the integral proteins are buried
in the membrane.
13. Due to the activity of
vascular cambium, girth of the stem increases. This results the breakdown of
outer cortical and epidermis layers. So the new protective tissues are formed
by another meristematic tissue called cork cambium or phellogen. Phellogen cuts
off cells on both sides. The outer cells differentiate into cork or phellem
while the inner cells differentiate into secondary cortex or phelloderm.
Phellogen, phellem, and phelloderm are collectively known as
periderm.
OR
The cambial ring cut off new cells towards the inner (secondary
xylem) and the outer sides (secondary phloem). The cambium is more active on
the inner side than on the outer.
Amount of secondary xylem produced is more than secondary phloem. The primary and secondary phloems get gradually crushed due to the continued formation and accumulation of secondary xylem.