2010 MARCH
1. Categorize the following animals based on the nature of excretion
of nitrogenous waste.
Mammals, Bony fishes, Birds, Aquatic
amphibians, Insects, Cartilage fishes, Aquatic insects
2. In an informal discussion in your class, your friend made a
comment that “Malpighian tubules are the kidneys of a cockroach.” How will you
evaluate this statement?
SEPTEMBER 2010 (IMPROVEMENT)
1. Analyse the graph:
a. What is the relationship between the amount of vasopressin in blood plasma and the blood volume? (1)b. Suggest a situation in which the vasopressin decreases in the blood. (1)
MARCH 2011
1. Observe the figure. No need to
redraw the figure. Label A and B and write the function of A and B.
OCTOBER 2011 (IMPROVEMENT)
1. a) Prepare a flowchart of filtrate
flow in the nephron using the flow terms. (1)
Collecting duct, PCT, DCT, Ascending limb of
Henle’s loop, descending limb of Henle’s loop, Bowman’s capsule
b) Counter current system plays an important role in concentrating
urine. Name any two regions inside the kidney, where the counter current system
is seen. (1)
MARCH 2012
1. Complete each of the following sentences using appropriate words. (4 x ½=2)
a. Ascending limb of Henle’s loop is ………… to water whereas the
descending limb is …………… to water.
b. An excessive loss of fluid from the body stimulates the
hypothalamus to release ………. hormone from ………
SEPTEMBER 2012 (IMPROVEMENT)
1. Identify the odd one and write the common features of the other
items.
Nephridia, Malpighian tubules, Spicules, Kidney, Flame cells (1)
2. How the counter current mechanism helps to maintain the
concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium? (2)
OR
3. On a hot day would you expect your level of ADH in blood to be
high or low? Explain. (2 score)
MARCH 2013
1. In a biology class related to excretion in the human body, a student gave an opinion that in every minute about 2% of the total blood volume of the body is converted to GFR whereas only 1% of this GFR is eliminated as urine. Evaluate this opinion and substantiate your answer. (2)
OCTOBER 2013 (IMPROVEMENT)
1. Observe the schematic diagram showing the mechanism for regulating blood volume.
a. Fill the gap in the diagram. (½)
b. Illustrate how blood volume is regulated by this system. (1½)
MARCH 2014
1. The output of urine increases in clod days while decreases in hot and sunny days. Can you give a reason for this phenomenon as realized from the graph given below? (2)
AUGUST 2014 (IMPROVEMENT)
1. A diagrammatic representation of a nephron is given.
a. Identify the parts labeled as X and Y.
b. Which part/parts of a nephron constitute the Malpighian body? (1+1=2)