Human Health and Diseases | Unit Test - 4 Sets of PDF QPs in one page with answer key I Class 12

➡️ Unit Test - 4 Sets of PDF QPs Download

Set A - Max. score: 15

1. AIDS: ELISA      Typhoid: ………………. (1)
2. Expand MALT. (1)
3. Distinguish benign tumour & malignant tumour. (2)
4. What is autoimmunity? Give an example. (2)
5. More and more children in metro cities of India suffer from allergies and asthma. Give reason. (2)
6. Identify the molecule and label X, Y and Z. (2)
   

   

7. 1. Name the pathogen and vector of the Malaria.
   2. Mention any two symptoms. (2)
8. What are the ill-effects of drug/alcohol abuse? (3)

Set A - ANSWER KEY

1. Widal test.
2. Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue.
3. Benign tumour: Remains confined to their original location and do not spread to other parts of the body; causes little damage.
   Malignant tumour: Mass of proliferating cells (neoplastic cells) that grow rapidly, invade and damage surrounding normal tissues; exhibit metastasis.
4. Autoimmunity is an abnormal immune response where the body's immune system fails to distinguish foreign molecules from self-cells and starts attacking its own cells and tissues.
   Example: Rheumatoid arthritis.
5. Modern-day life style and protected environment provided early in life result in low immunity and more sensitivity to allergens. So, many children in metro cities suffer from allergies and asthma.
6. Molecule: Structure of an antibody molecule.
   X: Heavy chain
   Y: Light chain
   Z: Antigen binding site
7. 1. Pathogen: Plasmodium (P. vivax, P. malariae, P. falciparum)
      Vector: Female Anopheles mosquito.
   2. Chills and high recurring fever (every 3 to 4 days), fatigue, headache. (Any two)
8. • Reckless behaviour, vandalism, and violence.
   • Excessive doses can lead to coma and death due to respiratory failure, heart failure, or cerebral hemorrhage.
   • Damage to the nervous system and liver cirrhosis.
   • Social and family issues like isolation, depression, stealing money, and deterioration of relationships.
   • Increased risk of severe infections like AIDS and Hepatitis B through sharing infected needles. (Any three)

Set B - Max. score: 15

1. Erythroxylum coca: Cocaine
   Papaver somniferum: ………………. (1)
2. Name the toxin released by the Plasmodium. (1)
3. 1. What is meant by metastasis?
   2. Mention any 2 methods of cancer treatment. (2)
4. 1. How to determine the cause of the allergy?
   2. Suggest two drugs which reduce allergic symptoms. (2)
5. Odd man out. Justify your answer. (2)
   1. Spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, Peyer’s patches
   2. Gastric HCl, PMNL, saliva, tear.
6. Name the pathogens of Pneumonia. Mention any two symptoms. (2)
7. Complete the illustration chart given below: (2)
   

   

8. List out the important causes of drug/alcohol use in Adolescence period? (3)

Set B - ANSWER KEY

1. Morphine.
2. Haemozoin.
3. 1. The property by which cancerous cells slough off from tumours, reach distant sites through blood, and start forming new tumours wherever they lodge.
   2. Surgery, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy (using biological response modifiers like α-interferon). (Any two)
4. 1. The patient is exposed to or injected with very small doses of possible allergens, and the reactions produced are studied.
   2. Antihistamines, Adrenaline, and Steroids. (Any two)
5. 1. Thymus. It is a primary lymphoid organ; others are secondary lymphoid organs.
   2. PMNL (Polymorphonuclear leukocytes). It is a cellular barrier; others are physiological barriers.
6. Pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
   Symptoms: Fever, chills, cough, headache; in severe cases, lips and finger nails may turn grey to bluish in colour. (Any two)
7. a: Opioid
   b: Binds with cannabinoid receptors in brain.
   c: Papaver somniferum (Poppy plant)
   d: Erythroxylum coca
8. • Curiosity, need for adventure, and excitement.
   • Experimentation and desire to experience the perceived benefits.
   • Peer group pressure and desire to be accepted by friends.
   • Academic stress or pressure to excel in examinations.
   • Unstable or unsupportive family structures.
   • Influence of television, movies, internet, and social media. (Any three)

Set C - Max. score: 15

1. Ascariasis: Ascaris      Cold: ………………. (1)
2. ………………. is a respiratory disease due to allergy. (1)
3. Mention the characteristics of cancer cells. (2)
4. Differentiate Active immunity & Passive immunity. (2)
5. Mention various ways of transmission of HIV. (2)
6. Identify the following disease. Name the pathogen. Mention the symptoms. (2)
   

   

7. Match the following: (2)

   Barriers	Examples
   Physical barriers	Gastric HCl and saliva
   Physiological barriers	Interferons
   Cellular barriers	Skin and mucus coating
   Cytokine barriers	PMNL

8. “Smoking thrills, but kills.” Explain the ill-effects of smoking. (3)

Set C - ANSWER KEY

1. Rhino viruses.
2. Asthma.
3. • Loss of contact inhibition.
   • Uncontrolled cell division leading to tumour formation.
   • Ability to invade surrounding tissues and spread through blood (metastasis).
   • Compete with normal cells for vital nutrients, starving them.
4. Active immunity: Antibodies are produced inside the host's own body in response to living or dead microbes/antigens; slow and long-lasting.
   Passive immunity: Ready-made antibodies are directly introduced from outside into the body (e.g., Colostrum containing IgA, Tetanus antitoxin); fast and provides immediate relief.
5. • Sexual contact with an infected person.
   • Transfusion of contaminated blood and blood products.
   • Sharing of infected needles and syringes.
   • From an infected mother to her child through placenta.
6. Disease: Elephantiasis (Filariasis).
   Pathogen: Wuchereria bancrofti / Wuchereria malayi (Filarial worms).
   Symptoms: Slowly developing chronic inflammation of the lymphatic vessels, usually of the lower limbs and gross deformities of genital organs.

7. Barriers	Examples
   Physical barriers	Skin and mucus coating
   Physiological barriers	Gastric HCl and saliva
   Cellular barriers	PMNL
   Cytokine barriers	Interferons

8. • Tobacco contains nicotine which stimulates the adrenal gland to release adrenaline and nor-adrenaline, raising blood pressure and heart rate.
   • Associated with increased risk of cancers of lung, urinary bladder, throat, and oral cavity.
   • Causes bronchitis, coronary heart disease, and emphysema.
   • Smoking increases carbon monoxide (CO) content in blood and reduces the concentration of haembound oxygen, leading to oxygen deficiency in the body.

Set D - Max. score: 15

1. RBC: Malaria      Lung alveoli: ………………. (1)
2. Expand ELISA. (1)
3. Mention various means of cancer detection and diagnosis. (2)
4. Categorize the following diseases under suitable headings. (2)
   
   Typhoid, Amoebiasis, Malaria, Pneumonia.
5. List out high-risk people of getting HIV. (2)
6. Match the following: (2)

   A	B
   Bone marrow	Trap microorganisms or other antigens.
   Thymus	Removes worn-out RBCs & microorganisms from blood.
   Spleen	Site of formation of B & T-lymphocytes.
   Lymph nodes	T-lymphocytes are matured.

7. Differentiate between addiction and dependence. (2)
8. Distinguish between active immunization and passive immunization with suitable examples. (3)

Set D - ANSWER KEY

1. Pneumonia.
2. Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay.
3. • Biopsy and histopathological studies of tissues / blood and bone marrow tests.
   • Radiography (using X-rays).
   • Computed Tomography (CT scan) using X-rays to generate 3D images.
   • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using strong magnetic fields and non-ionising radiations.
   • Use of specific antibodies against cancer-specific antigens.
   • Molecular biology techniques to identify inherited genes linked to cancer. (Any four)

4. Bacterial Diseases	Protozoan Diseases
   Typhoid Pneumonia	Malaria Amoebiasis

5. • Individuals with multiple sexual partners.
   • Drug addicts who take drugs intravenously (sharing needles).
   • Individuals who require repeated blood transfusions.
   • Children born to an HIV-infected mother.

6. A	B
   Bone marrow	Site of formation of B & T-lymphocytes.
   Thymus	T-lymphocytes are matured.
   Spleen	Removes worn-out RBCs & microorganisms from blood.
   Lymph nodes	Trap microorganisms or other antigens.

7. Addiction: A psychological attachment to certain effects—such as euphoria and a temporary feeling of well-being—associated with drugs and alcohol.
   Dependence: The tendency of the body to manifest a characteristic and unpleasant withdrawal syndrome if the regular dose of drugs/alcohol is abruptly discontinued.
8. Active immunization: A preparation of antigenic proteins of pathogens or weakened/inactivated pathogen (vaccine) is introduced into the body to generate antibodies and memory B/T cells.
   Example: Polio vaccine, Hepatitis B vaccine, BCG.
   
   Passive immunization: Direct injection of pre-formed antibodies or antitoxins into the body when quick immune response is required against lethal microbes or toxins.
   Example: Tetanus antitoxin (anti-tetanus serum), Anti-venom for snakebites.