FIRST YEAR HIGHER SECONDARY
EXAMINATION, MARCH 2025
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PART-A: BOTANY
I. Answer any 3 questions from 1 to 5. Each question carries 1 score. (3x1=3)
(a) Chrysophytes
(b) Protozoans
(c) Dinoflagellates
(d) Euglenoids
II. Answer any 9 questions from 6 to 16. Each question carries 2 score. (9x2=18)
In a lichen, the algal component is known as Phycobiont (autotrophic) and the fungal component is known as Mycobiont (heterotrophic).
| I | II |
|---|---|
| (a) Chlamydomonas | 1. Moss |
| (b) Cycas | 2. Pteridophytes |
| (c) Selaginella | 3. Algae |
| (d) Sphagnum | 4. Gymnosperm |
| I | II |
|---|---|
| (a) Chlamydomonas | 3. Algae |
| (b) Cycas | 4. Gymnosperm |
| (c) Selaginella | 2. Pteridophytes |
| (d) Sphagnum | 1. Moss |
I. Name the parts (A) and (B).
II. Which parts of stomata constitute the stomatal apparatus?
I. (A) Subsidiary cells, (B) Guard cells.
II. Stomatal aperture, guard cells, and surrounding subsidiary cells together constitute the stomatal apparatus.
(A) Conjoint closed. 1-Phloem, 2-Xylem
(B) Conjoint open. 3. Cambium
a. Name the model.
b. List the 2 major biomolecules which this membrane is composed of.
c. State one function of this membrane.
(a) Fluid Mosaic Model.
(b) Lipids (phospholipids) and Proteins.
(c) Selective transport of molecules across it.
a. Stroma, Grana, Cristae, Stroma lamellae.
b. Chromatid, Fimbriae, Kinetochore, Centromere.
(a) Cristae.
Justification: Cristae are found in Mitochondria, while the others are parts of Chloroplasts.
(b) Fimbriae.
Justification: Fimbriae are surface structures of bacteria, while the others are parts of a chromosome.
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
Role: It acts as the primary CO₂ acceptor in the C₃ (Calvin) cycle.
(a) Name the process.
(b) In this process instead of producing, it consumes energy. Evaluate the statement.
(a) Photorespiration.
(b) The statement is correct. In the photorespiratory pathway, there is no synthesis of ATP or NADPH. Instead, it results in the release of CO₂ with the utilization of ATP.
a. Name the compound formed from this reaction which then enters Krebs cycle.
b. Name the enzyme that catalyses this reaction.
(a) Acetyl CoA. (b) Pyruvate dehydrogenase.
(b) Which hormone is used for bolting?
(a) Bolting is the internode elongation just prior to flowering in plants with rosette habit (e.g., cabbage).
(b) Gibberellins (GA).
a. Source of which plant hormone is indicated in the figure?
b. Write three roles of above identified hormone.
(a) Auxin.
(b) 1. Helps to initiate rooting in stem cuttings.
2. Promotes flowering (e.g., in pineapples).
3. Prevents fruit and leaf drop at early stages.
III. Answer any 3 questions from 17 to 20. Each question carries 3 score. (3x3=9)
a. Identify the type of inflorescence A & B.
b. Write any two differences between them.
(a) A-Cymose, B-Racemose.
(b) In Racemose, the main axis continues to grow and flowers are in acropetal order.
In Cymose, the main axis terminates in a flower, limiting growth, and flowers are in basipetal order.
a. Identify the stage.
b. Write any two features of this stage.
c. Write any three significances of mitosis.
(a) Anaphase.
(b) 1. Centromeres split and chromatids separate.
2. Chromatids move to opposite poles.
(c) 1. Growth of multicellular organisms.
2. Cell repair and replacement.
3. Maintenance of nucleocytoplasmic ratio.
a. Identify the cells A and B.
b. Why this pathway is called C₄ pathway?
c. Write any 3 advantages of C₄ plants over C₃ plants.
(a) A-Mesophyll cell, B-Bundle sheath cell.
(b) It is called the C₄ pathway because the first stable product of CO₂ fixation is a 4-carbon compound, Oxaloacetic acid (OAA).
(c) 1. They can tolerate higher temperatures.
2. They show a response to high light intensities.
3. They lack photorespiration, leading to higher productivity.
a. Identify this pathway common for both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
b. Complete the scheme by filling the boxes A, B, C and D.
c. Mention the three ways in which pyruvic acid is handled.
(a) Glycolysis (EMP pathway).
(b) A-Glucose 6-phosphate
B-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
C-2 Phosphoglyceric acid
D-Phosphoenolpyruvic acid.
(c) Lactic acid fermentation, Alcoholic fermentation, and Aerobic respiration (Krebs cycle).
PART-B: ZOOLOGY
I. Answer any 3 questions from 1 to 5. Each question carries 1 score. (3x1=3)
(a) International Code for Botanical Nomenclature.
(b) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
(a) Respiration through skin
(b) Respiration through lungs
(a) Cutaneous respiration.
(b) Pulmonary respiration.
(A) Actin (Thin) filament
(B) Myosin (Thick) filament/molecule.
II. Answer any 9 questions from 6 to 16. Each question carries 2 score. (9x2=18)
Male frogs have sound producing vocal sacs and a copulatory pad on the first digit of the forelimbs. They are absent in female frogs.
(b) Why SA Node is called 'Pacemaker'?
(a) SA Node → AV Node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibres.
(b) It is called the pacemaker because it initiates and maintains the rhythmic contractile activity (heartbeat) of the heart by generating action potentials.
A-Dorsal hollow nerve cord
B-Notochord
C-Pharyngeal gill slits
D-Post-anal tail.
(a) Radula (b) Parapodia (c) Comb plates (d) Calcareous ossicles.
(a) Mollusca
(b) Annelida
(c) Ctenophora
(d) Echinodermata
• Chondrichthyes: Cartilaginous endoskeleton, mouth is ventral, gill slits without operculum.
• Osteichthyes: Bony endoskeleton, mouth is terminal, gills covered by an operculum.
- Monocytes
- Eosinophil
- 20–25%
- Phagocytic
- Inflammatory response
- 0.5–1%
(A) Eosinophil
(B) 0.5-1%
(C) Phagocytic
(D) Inflammatory response.
(b) Write the different components of Rib cage.
(a) They are called bicephalic because each rib has two articulation surfaces on its dorsal end for attachment with the vertebrae.
(b) Thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum together form the rib cage.
(a) Label A and B.
(b) Differentiate cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons.
(a) A-Afferent arteriole, B-Bowman's capsule.
(b) In Cortical nephrons, the loop of Henle is very short and extends only very little into the medulla. In Juxtamedullary nephrons, the loop of Henle is very long and runs deep into the medulla.
(a) hypoglycaemic hormone
(b) hypercalcaemic hormone
(c) emergency hormone
(d) antidiuretic hormone.
(a) Insulin
(b) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
(c) Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
(d) Vasopressin (ADH).
(i) Glycerol
(ii) Serine.
(b) Name the given:
(iii) Most abundant protein in animal world.
(iv) Two aromatic amino acids.
(b) (iii) Collagen
(iv) Tyrosine, Phenylalanine (or Tryptophan).
(b) What are cofactors? What happens if it is removed?
(a) Dehydrogenases and Hydrolases.
(b) Cofactors are non-protein constituents bound to the enzyme to make it catalytically active. If the cofactor is removed, the catalytic activity is lost.
III. Answer any 3 questions from 17 to 20. Each question carries 3 score. (3x3=9)
(a) Identify body forms A and B.
(b) How will you differentiate them?
(c) What is metagenesis?
(a) A-Polyp, B-Medusa.
(b) Polyp is sessile and cylindrical (e.g., Hydra); Medusa is umbrella-shaped and free-swimming (e.g., Jellyfish).
(c) Metagenesis is the alternation of generation seen in cnidarians (e.g., Obelia) where polyps produce medusae asexually and medusae form polyps sexually.
(b) Explain the role of lungs and liver in elimination of excretory wastes.
(a) Renin regulates blood pressure and blood volume. It converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, which leads to the formation of angiotensin II.
When Blood pressure is increased, ANF causes vasodilation to decrease blood pressure.
(b) Lungs remove large amounts of CO₂ and water.
Liver secretes bile containing bilirubin, biliverdin, cholesterol, etc., which are excreted with digestive wastes.
(a) Label A, B, C and D.
(b) Write location of
(i) Unipolar neuron
(ii) Bipolar neuron
(a) A-Nucleus
B-Myelin sheath
C-Node of Ranvier
D-Axon terminal.
(b) (i) Unipolar: Embryonic stage.
(ii) Bipolar: Retina of eye.
(a) Inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume.
(b) Residual volume and functional residual capacity.
(c) Expiratory capacity and inspiratory capacity.
(a) Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV): Additional volume of air that can inspire by a forcible inspiration. It is 2500-3000 ml.
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV): Additional volume of air that can expire by a forcible expiration. It is 1000-1100 ml.
(b) Residual volume (RV): Volume of air remaining in lungs after a forcible expiration. It is 1100-1200 ml.
Functional residual capacity (FRC): Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration (ERV + RV). It is 2100-2300 ml.
(c) Inspiratory capacity (IC): Total volume of air inspired after a normal expiration (TV + IRV). It is 3000-3500 ml.
Expiratory capacity (EC): Total volume of air expired after a normal inspiration (TV + ERV). It is 1500-1600 ml.