Abbreviations in NCERT Biology (Class 11 & 12) | Download PDF

Abbreviations in Class 11 Biology - Chapter-wise

Download PDF version of Class 11 Abbreviations

(Note: Chapters without any abbreviations have been excluded)

1. The Living World
   • ICBN - International Code for Botanical Nomenclature
   • ICZN - International Code for Zoological Nomenclature
2. Biological Classification
   • BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
   • CJD - Cr-Jacob Disease
3. Plant Kingdom
   • PEN - Primary Endosperm Nucleus
4. Morphology of Flowering Plants
   • Br - Bracteate
   • K - Calyx
   • C - Corolla
   • P - Perianth
   • A - Androecium
   • G - Gynoecium
   • G - Superior ovary
   • G ̅ - Inferior ovary
   • ♂ - Male
   • ♀ - Female
   • ⚥ - Bisexual
   • ( ) - Fusion
   • ⊕ - Actinomorphic
   • % - Zygomorphic
   • ͡ - Adhesion
5. Cell the Unit of Life
   • PPLO - Pleuro Pneumonia Like Organisms
   • ER - Endoplasmic reticulum
   • RER - Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
   • SER - Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
   • S in 70s/80s - Svedberg’s unit
6. Biomolecules
   • Da - Dalton
   • DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid
   • RNA - Ribonucleic acid
   • ATP - Adenosine triphosphate
   • E - Enzyme
   • ES - Enzyme-substrate complex
   • EP - Enzyme-product complex
   • S - Substrate
   • [S] - Concentration of substrate
   • Vmax - Maximum velocity
   • NAD - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
   • NADP - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
7. Cell Cycle and Cell Division
   • G1 phase - Gap 1 phase
   • S phase - Synthesis phase
   • G2 phase - Gap 2 phase
   • M phase - Mitosis phase
   • G0 stage - Quiescent stage
8. Transport in Plants (Deleted chapter)
   • ᴪw - Water Potential
   • ᴪs - Solute potential
   • ᴪp - Pressure potential
   • Pa - Pascal
9. Photosynthesis
   • PS - Photosystem
   • LHC - Light Harvesting Complex
   • PGA - 3-phosphoglyceric acid
   • OAA - Oxaloacetic acid
   • RuBisCO - Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase
   • PEP - Phosphoenol pyruvate
   • PEPcase - PEP carboxylase
   • RuBP - Ribulose bisphosphate
10. Respiration in Plants
    • PGAL - 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde
    • BPGA - 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate
    • NADPH - Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (reduced)
    • FAD - Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
    • CoA - Coenzyme A
    • EMP pathway - Embden, Meyerhof, Parnas
    • TCA - Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
    • ETC - Electron Transport System
    • RQ - Respiratory Quotient
11. Plant Growth and Development
    • PGRs Plant Growth Regulators
    • NAA - Naphthalene acetic acid
    • IAA - Indole acetic acid
    • IBA - Indole butyric acid
    • 2,4-D - 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
    • GA - Gibberellic acid
    • ABA - Abscisic acid
12. Digestion and Absorption (Deleted chapter)
    • I - Incisors
    • C - Canines
    • PM - - Premolars
    • M - Molars
13. Breathing and Exchange of Gases
    • TV - Tidal Volume
    • IRV - Inspiratory reserve volume
    • ERV - Expiratory reserve volume
    • RV - Residual volume
    • IC - Inspiratory capacity
    • EC - Expiratory capacity
    • FRC - Functional residual capacity
    • VC - Vital capacity
    • TLC - Total lung capacity
14. Body Fluids and Circulation
    • RBC - Red blood cells
    • WBC - White blood cells
    • Rh - Rhesus
    • SAN - Sino-atrial node
    • AVN - Atrio-ventricular node
    • AV Bundle - Atrio-ventricular bundle
    • ECG - Electrocardiograph
    • CAD - Coronary artery disease
15. Excretory Products and their Elimination
    • PCT - Proximal convoluted tubule
    • DCT - Distal convoluted tubule
    • GFR - Glomerular filtration rate
    • JGA - Juxta-glomerular apparatus
    • ANF - Atrial natriuretic factor
    • ADH - Antidiuretic hormone
16. Locomotion and Movement
    • I band - Isotropic band
    • A band - Anisotropic band
    • F actin - Filamentous actin
    • G actin - Globular actin
    • HMM - Heavy meromyosin
    • LMM - Light meromyosin
17. Neural Control and Coordination
    • CNS - Central Neural System
    • PNS - Peripheral Neural System
    • ANS - Autonomic Neural System
18. Chemical Coordination and Integration
    • GnRH - Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
    • GH - Growth Hormone
    • PRL - Prolactin
    • TSH - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
    • ACTH - Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone
    • LH - Luteinizing Hormone
    • FSH - Follicle Stimulating Hormone
    • MSH - Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
    • T3 - Triiodothyronine
    • T4 - Tetraiodothyronine
    • TCT - Thyrocalcitonin
    • PTH - Parathyroid Hormone
    • CCK - Cholecystokinin
    • GIP - Gastric Inhibitory Peptide

Abbreviations in Class 12 Biology - Chapter-wise

Download PDF version of Class 12 Abbreviations

(Note: Chapters without any abbreviations have been excluded)

1. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
   • PMC - Pollen Mother Cell
   • MMC - Megaspore Mother Cell
   • PEN - Primary Endosperm Nucleus
   • PEC - Primary Endosperm Cell
2. Human Reproduction
   • GnRH - Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
   • FSH - Follicle Stimulating Hormone
   • LH - Luteinizing Hormone
   • hCG - Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
   • hPL - Human Placental Lactogen
3. Reproductive Health
   • WHO - World Health Organisation
   • RCH - Reproductive and Child Health Care
   • MMR - Maternal Mortality Rate
   • IMR - Infant Mortality Rate
   • STD - Sexually Transmitted Diseases
   • STIs - Sexually Transmitted Infections
   • VD - Venereal Diseases
   • RTI - Reproductive Tract Infections
   • CDRI - Central Drug Research Institute
   • IUDs - Intra Uterine Devices
   • MTP - Medical Termination of Pregnancy
   • ART - Assisted Reproductive Technologies
   • IVF - In Vitro Fertilization
   • ET - Embryo Transfer
   • ZIFT - Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer
   • IUT - Intra Uterine Transfer
   • GIFT - Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer
   • ICSI - Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection
   • AI - Artificial Insemination
   • IUI - Intra-Uterine Insemination
4. Principles Of Inheritance and Variation
   • F1, F2 - Filial 1 progeny, Filial 2 progeny
5. Molecular Basis of Inheritance
   • DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid
   • RNA - Ribonucleic Acid
   • bp - Base Pairs
   • EM - Electron Microscope
   • NHC - Non-Histone Chromosomal Proteins
   • mRNA - Messenger RNA
   • tRNA - Transfer RNA
   • rRNA - Ribosomal RNA
   • snRNAs - Small Nuclear RNAs
   • hnRNA - Heterogeneous Nuclear RNA
   • mGppp - Methyl Guanosine Triphosphate
   • sRNA - Soluble RNA
   • UTR - Untranslated Regions
   • β-gal - Beta-Galactosidase
   • HGP - Human Genome Project
   • ELSI - Ethical, Legal, And Social Issues
   • ESTs - Expressed Sequence Tags
   • BAC - Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes
   • YAC - Yeast Artificial Chromosomes
   • SNPs - Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
   • VNTR - Variable Number of Tandem Repeats
6. Human Health and Diseases
   • PMNL - Polymorpho-Nuclear Leukocytes
   • CMI - Cell-Mediated Immune Response or Cell-Mediated Immunity
   • MALT - Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue
   • AIDS - Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
   • HIV - Human Immuno Deficiency Virus
   • ELISA - Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay
   • NACO - National Aids Control Organisation
   • NGOs - Non-Governmental Organisation
   • C-onc - Cellular Oncogenes
   • CT - Computed Tomography
   • MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
7. Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production (Deleted Chapter)
   • MOET - Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology
   • SCP - Single Cell Protein
   • IRRI - International Rice Research Institute, Philippines
8. Microbes in Human Welfare
   • LAB - Lactic Acid Bacteria
   • BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand
   • STPs - Sewage Treatment Plants
   • IARI - Indian Agricultural Research Institute
   • KVIC - Khadi And Village Industries Commission
   • Bt - Bacillus Thuringiensis
   • IPM - Integrated Pest Management
9. Biotechnology-Principles and Processes
   • EFB - European Federation of Biotechnology
   • PCR - Polymerase Chain Reaction
   • ori - Origin of Replication
   • Ti plasmid - Tumor inducing plasmid
10. Biotechnology-Applications
    • RNAi - RNA interference
    • GMO - Genetically Modified Organism
    • Bt - Bacillus thuringiensis
    • ADA - Adenosine deaminase deficiency
    • cDNA - Complementary DNA
    • GEAC - Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
11. Ecosystem
    • GPP - Gross Primary Productivity
    • NPP - Net Primary Productivity
    • GFC - Grazing Food Chain
    • DFC - Detritus Food Chain
12. Biodiversity and Conservation
    • IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
13. Environmental Issues (Deleted Chapter)
    • CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board
    • DU - Dobson unit
    • CFCs - Chlorofluorocarbons
    • JFM - Joint Forest Management

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