MACROELEMENTS
(Required more than 100 mg/ day)
Mineral
|
Daily requirements
|
Source
|
Functions
|
Deficiency
|
Calcium
|
1200 mg
|
Milk, dairy foods, cereals (Ragi), meat, vegetables, fruits (Sitaphals)
|
Component of bones and teeth.
Helps in blood clotting
Muscle contraction
Conduction of nerve impulses etc.
Acts as cofactor of Myosin ATPase.
|
Defective bones and teeth
Tetany and rickets
Loss of muscle coordination
|
Phosphorous
|
1200 mg
|
Milk, dairy foods, Cereals, eggs, fish, meat etc.
|
Formation of bones and teeth
Component of nucleic acids, energy molecules and coenzymes
|
Do
|
Sodium
|
5- 10 gm
|
Table salt, vegetables
|
Maintenance of ionic and water balance, muscle contraction; conduction of nerve impulses; component of digestive juices.
Present in bile salts
Main cation of ECF
|
Improper muscle contraction; nervous depression; loss of Na+ in urine, dehydration
|
Potassium
|
1 gm
|
Vegetables, molasses, banana, date etc
|
Osmotic balance; muscle contraction; nerve impulse conduction
|
Nervous disorder; poor muscle control leading to paralysis
|
Magnesium
|
400 mg
|
Green leafy vegetables, soyabean etc
|
Cofactor for enzymes e.g. of hexokinase
|
Heart and vascular irregularities; dilated blood vessels, loss of muscle coordination.
|
Chlorine
|
5- 10 gm
|
Common salt
|
Main anion of ECF
Acid- base balance
|
Vomiting and hypochloremic alkalosis
|
MICROELEMENTS
(Required in small amount)
Mineral
|
Daily requirements
|
Source
|
Functions
|
Deficiency
|
Iron
|
18 mg
|
Liver, eggs, molasses, cereals, pulses, leafy vegetables, apple, guava etc.
|
Formation of Hb so help in O2 transport
Component of cytochromes of ETS.
Cofactor of catalase enzyme.
|
Anaemia; skin problems
|
Iodine
|
0.14 mg
|
Sea foods, leafy vegetables, water, iodized salt etc.
|
Normal functioning of thyroid; component of thyroxin so controls BMR
|
Goiter, Cretinism, Myxoedema
|
Zinc
|
12- 20 mg
|
Beet, cheese
|
Cofactor of carbonic anhydrase so helps in CO2 transport
Vitamin A metabolism
|
Reduced respiration
|
Manganese
|
5 mg
|
Liver, kidney, peanuts
|
Normal reproductive functions, cofactor for enzymes
|
Reproductive failure; menstrual irregularities.
|
Copper
|
2- 2.5 mg
|
Liver, spleen, kidneys, peanuts, beet etc
|
Cofactor for enzymes e.g. oxidases and tyrosinase.
Component of haemocyanin.
|
Anaemia
|
Molybdenum
|
Traces
|
Cereals, pods, some vegetables
|
Cofactor for nitrogenase enzyme
|
Whiptail disease in cauliflower
|
Fluorine
|
Traces
|
Water, sea fish, cheese
|
Maintains enamel and prevents dental caries.
|
Dental caries.
|
Sulphur
|
Component of many proteins, enzymes and coenzymes
| |||
Cobalt
|
Traces
|
Milk, cheese, meat
|
Component of vit.B12
|
Pernicious anemia
|
Chromium
|
Traces
|
Yeast, sea food, meat, some vegetables
|
Catabolic metabolism
|
Irregularities of catabolism and ATP product
|
Selenium
|
Traces
|
Meat, cereals, sea food.
|
Cofactor of many enzymes; assists vitamin E.
|
Muscular pain, weakness of cardiac muscles.
|
What about the source of suphur and its deficiency
ReplyDeleteDairy products,onion,garlic,radish,meat,egg
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